Incidents

Analysis of real-world cloud security breaches and failures.

Incidents document what actually went wrong in real-world cloud environments. These are not theoretical risks - they are confirmed failures, breaches and exposure events that fuel SkySiege’s cloud testing.

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Incidents Articles

Capital One Data Breach Exposed 100 Million Records Through Over-Privileged AWS Edge Infrastructure

Capital One Data Breach Exposed 100 Million Records Through Over-Privileged AWS Edge Infrastructure

Capital One disclosed a data security incident affecting approximately 100 million individuals in the United States and Canada, including personal information, customer status data, 140,000 Social …

React2Shell Exploitation Exposed Internet-Facing Next.js Apps to Large-Scale Credential Theft

React2Shell Exploitation Exposed Internet-Facing Next.js Apps to Large-Scale Credential Theft

Cisco Talos reported that UAT-10608 exploited the React2Shell vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-55182, to gain remote code execution on publicly reachable Next.js applications and harvest credentials …

Railway's GCP Account Deletion Exposed a Single-Provider Business Failure

Railway's GCP Account Deletion Exposed a Single-Provider Business Failure

Railway’s reported outage is best understood as an operational dependency failure with direct security and governance implications. The core lesson is not a classic intrusion scenario, but the …

Microsoft Exposed Internal Data Through an Over-Permissive Azure SAS Token in a Public GitHub Repository

Microsoft Exposed Internal Data Through an Over-Permissive Azure SAS Token in a Public GitHub Repository

Microsoft disclosed an incident where a blob storage URL containing an overly permissive Azure Shared Access Signature token was posted by an employee in a public GitHub repository, allowing Wiz to …

Mexican voter database exposed on AWS after MongoDB was left publicly accessible

Mexican voter database exposed on AWS after MongoDB was left publicly accessible

A copy of the Mexican National Electoral Institute voter database containing 93 million records was exposed from a MongoDB deployment on Amazon EC2 after being left reachable from the internet with no …

Grafana Breach Exposed Private Repositories After a Missed GitHub Workflow Token Rotation

Grafana Breach Exposed Private Repositories After a Missed GitHub Workflow Token Rotation

Grafana confirmed its breach stemmed from a compromised CI/CD environment after malicious TanStack npm packages exfiltrated GitHub workflow tokens and one token missed during rotation was later used …

European Commission AWS Breach Exposed 71 EU Clients Through Stolen CI/CD Cloud Credentials

European Commission AWS Breach Exposed 71 EU Clients Through Stolen CI/CD Cloud Credentials

CERT-EU attributed the European Commission cloud breach to TeamPCP, which used a compromised AWS API key stolen in the Trivy supply-chain attack to access the Commission’s Amazon cloud …

Cursor AI agent deleted PocketOS production data after finding an overprivileged API token in a file

Cursor AI agent deleted PocketOS production data after finding an overprivileged API token in a file

PocketOS lost its production database and associated backups after a Cursor agent powered by Claude located an API token in a file and used it to delete the Railway volume holding the data. The …

CISA Contractor Exposed High-Privilege AWS GovCloud Credentials in a Public GitHub Repository

CISA Contractor Exposed High-Privilege AWS GovCloud Credentials in a Public GitHub Repository

A contractor-maintained GitHub repository associated with CISA publicly exposed plaintext passwords, tokens, logs and high-privilege AWS GovCloud credentials, with Seralys validating that at least …

Authenticated Users Exposed to Sensitive Financial Data Through Production Misconfiguration

Authenticated Users Exposed to Sensitive Financial Data Through Production Misconfiguration

A production configuration failure exposed highly sensitive data at scale to users who were authenticated but not authorised to access it, creating a clear access control and governance breakdown in a …

Poland Railway Disruption Exposed Unauthenticated Emergency Stop Commands

Poland Railway Disruption Exposed Unauthenticated Emergency Stop Commands

Poland’s railway disruption demonstrates a core control failure: safety-critical operational commands were accepted without authentication or authorization, allowing unauthorised actors to …

ADT breach tied to vishing-led Okta compromise and Salesforce data theft

ADT breach tied to vishing-led Okta compromise and Salesforce data theft

ADT confirmed unauthorised access to customer and prospective customer data after detecting the intrusion on April 20 and later determining that personal information had been stolen. The key aspect is …

Verizon customer data exposed through public NICE Systems AWS S3 bucket

Verizon customer data exposed through public NICE Systems AWS S3 bucket

UpGuard identified a publicly accessible AWS S3 repository operated by NICE Systems, a Verizon third-party vendor, that exposed customer call-centre logs containing names, addresses, phone numbers, …

Mazda Exposed Employee and Partner Data Through a Small Internet-Exposed Warehouse System

Mazda Exposed Employee and Partner Data Through a Small Internet-Exposed Warehouse System

Mazda reported the matter to Japan’s Personal Information Protection Commission, investigated with external specialists and implemented remediation including reduced internet exposure, patching, …

Google Maps API Key Exposure Highlights GCP Project Isolation Failure

Google Maps API Key Exposure Highlights GCP Project Isolation Failure

Whilst only affecting smaller hobby accounts both scenarios identify a clear cloud security failure pattern: public Google Maps API keys are intentionally exposed to browsers, yet they can create …

Microsoft support analytics database exposed by network security group misconfiguration

Microsoft support analytics database exposed by network security group misconfiguration

Microsoft disclosed that an internal customer support case analytics database was exposed after a network security group change on December 5, 2019 introduced overly permissive security rules and the …

Imperva Cloud WAF breach traced to exposed AWS instance and stolen long-lived admin API key

Imperva Cloud WAF breach traced to exposed AWS instance and stolen long-lived admin API key

Imperva disclosed that its Cloud WAF data exposure stemmed from unauthorised use of an administrative API key in a production AWS account, leading to access to a database snapshot containing email …

Exposed Internet-Facing Elasticsearch on EC2 Creates Preventable Data Exposure and RCE Risk

Exposed Internet-Facing Elasticsearch on EC2 Creates Preventable Data Exposure and RCE Risk

This incident is a classic misconfiguration leading to total data breach - Elasticsearch deployed on EC2 without authentication on port 9200 and left reachable from the public internet. This is not …

Deep Root Analytics Exposed 198 Million U.S. Voter Records Through a Public AWS S3 Bucket

Deep Root Analytics Exposed 198 Million U.S. Voter Records Through a Public AWS S3 Bucket

UpGuard reported that Deep Root Analytics exposed 1.1 TB of downloadable data for up to 198 million potential U.S. voters through an Amazon Web Services S3 bucket with no access protections.

Dow Jones S3 Bucket Exposed Customer Data Through AWS 'Authenticated Users' Access

Dow Jones S3 Bucket Exposed Customer Data Through AWS 'Authenticated Users' Access

Dow Jones exposed customer and Risk & Compliance data after an Amazon S3 bucket was misconfigured to permit access to AWS “authenticated users,” which UpGuard identified as effectively …

Code Spaces collapsed after AWS account compromise enabled destructive deletion of core infrastructure and customer data

Code Spaces collapsed after AWS account compromise enabled destructive deletion of core infrastructure and customer data

Code Spaces shut down after an unauthorised party accessed its AWS account and permanently deleted most customer data, including Apache Subversion repositories, Elastic Block Store volumes and all …

Accenture Exposed Public S3 Buckets Containing Cloud Platform Credentials and Keys

Accenture Exposed Public S3 Buckets Containing Cloud Platform Credentials and Keys

In a typical incident where S3 buckets have been left exposed to the internet, UpGuard reported that Accenture left four AWS S3 buckets publicly accessible on the internet, allowing anyone with the …

Stryker Needed Three Weeks to Reach Partial Recovery After Wiper Attack

Stryker Needed Three Weeks to Reach Partial Recovery After Wiper Attack

BleepingComputer reports that Stryker needed roughly three weeks to return to a broadly similar level of operation after attackers allegedly stole 50TB of data and wiped nearly 80,000 devices. Even …

Aura Data Breach

Aura Data Breach

BleepingComputer reports that Aura confirmed unauthorised access to nearly 900,000 records after a voice phishing attack against an employee. Aura says the exposed dataset came from a marketing tool …

Trivy Supply Chain Attack Exposes Secrets Across CI/CD Pipelines

Trivy Supply Chain Attack Exposes Secrets Across CI/CD Pipelines

Socket, Wiz, and Aqua Security report that attackers compromised Trivy’s build pipeline and GitHub Actions, distributing trojanized binaries and workflows that harvested sensitive credentials across …

Reference: When is S3 data public?

Reference: When is S3 data public?

SkySiege tests A-S3-4, A-S3-5, A-S3-6, A-S3-7, A-S3-8 and A-S3-9 all focus on public access blocks and the quality of S3 Bucket Policies. The reasoning for this is simple - Public Access Blocks and …

Cracking Weak DKIM

Cracking Weak DKIM

Test A-R53-10 reviews DKIM records to determine if the DKIM key is of a suitable size. As the DKIM key is part of a asymetric keypair we can infer certain properties of the corresponding private key, …

Reference: What's in a name?

Reference: What's in a name?

Test A-R53-8 specifically looks for Domains that are due to expire within the next 90 days that do not have any form of auto renewal. We reference the risk for expired domains to get squatted whereby …